Post by silva on Jun 26, 2024 15:46:03 GMT
What was Portugal called before it was Portugal?
Lusitânia is occupied by the Suevi, who founded an independent kingdom northwest of the Tagus. During this period, the name "Porto Cale" (tax port at the entrance to the Douro River) appears for the first time, where the city of Porto is today located. The name of the country, Portugal, would originate from this word.
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Como se chamava Portugal antes de ser Portugal?
A Lusitânia é ocupada pelos suevos, que fundam um reino independente a noroeste do Tejo. Nesse período aparece pela primeira vez a denominação "Porto Cale" (porto fiscal na entrada do rio Douro) onde hoje se encontra a cidade do Porto. Deste vocábulo se originaria o nome do país, Portugal.
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The History and Formation of Portugal
A História e Formação de Portugal
www.todamateria.com.br/formacao-de-portugal/ - Link in portuguese - I translated the Link, I don't know if the translation is correct.
The formation of Portugal, as an independent country, originates in 1093, through the lands donated by King Dom Afonso VI of Leão and Castile to D. Henrique de Borgonha.
The history of Portugal, however, must be understood since the occupation of the Iberian Peninsula, inhabited by the Iberians, among other peoples.
Likewise, we cannot separate the formation of Portugal from the history of Spain.
In the 6th century BC, the Celts entered the peninsula, coming from Gaul – present-day France. Their tribes spread across the territory, mainly in the Tagus River region and gave rise to several populations, among which were the Lusitanians.
Roman Empire and Portugal
In 206 BC, the Romans invaded the Iberian Peninsula and remained there until the 5th century. The territory was divided into three large provinces: Tarraconense, Bética and Lusitânia. This comprised the current center and south of Portugal, but also cities that are now in Spain such as Salamanca and Mérida.
The Romans occupied the mouths of the rivers and installed their materials there to produce "garo", a seasoning much appreciated throughout the Empire. Later, the region suffered the same fate as the Roman Empire, when it was occupied by Germanic tribes.
"Barbarian" invasions and Portugal
The German "barbarians" (Vandals and Suevi) arrive and divide the territory among themselves. Lusitânia is occupied by the Suevi, who founded an independent kingdom northwest of the Tagus.
During this period, the name "Porto Cale" (tax port at the entrance to the Douro River) appears for the first time, where the city of Porto is today located. The name of the country, Portugal, would originate from this word.
In 585 it was the turn of the Visigoths, allies of the Romans and of German origin, to settle in the region.
The Visigoths adopted Roman customs, spread across the countryside, retaining large tracts of land for themselves. They had converted to Arian Christianity, which caused numerous wars of religion in the Iberian Peninsula that only ended when they abandoned it in 589.
The Arab invasion
In the 8th century, the Iberian Peninsula was invaded by the Arabs who would remain there for approximately seven centuries. It is important to remember that in some parts of the territory, Muslims stayed for less time.
With the exception of the Asturias region, the nucleus of Christian resistance, the rest of the peninsula was under Arab control.
In the Kingdom of León, fugitives from Muslim domains unite to conquer lands. Later, due to internal disputes, the kingdom of León would be dismembered and the Kingdom of Castile would be born, in the 11th century. Further east the Christian kingdoms of Aragon and Navarre emerged.
In 910, the Kingdom of Galicia was created, in the extreme northwest of the Iberian Peninsula, whose capital was Braga, currently in Portugal. In this new kingdom, a hereditary county called Portucalense was established, from which Portugal would be born.
King Fernando I de Leão (or Fernando Magno) conquers cities such as Lamego, Viseu and Coimbra. In 1065, with the death of D. Fernando I of Leão, his kingdom was divided between his three sons. One of them, D: Afonso VI, inherits the kingdom of Castile, and later annexes the kingdom of León and Galicia.
The conquests of D. Afonso VI increased the struggles between Muslims and Christians. These had to resort to Christians from other lands in order to fight them. One of the allies was D. Henrique de Burgundy (currently French territory).
Find out more: Reconquest of the Iberian Peninsula
Origin of Portugal
Once victorious, D. Afonso VI marries his daughter, D.Teresa de Leão, with D. Henrique de Borgonha. Likewise, in 1093, he donated to his son-in-law the lands that comprised the former Portucalense county, from the Minho river to the city of Coimbra. This territory was not independent but rather a vassal of the Kingdom of León.
With the death of D. Henrique, the heir Dom Afonso Henriques was only three years old and the government is occupied by the widow, Dona Teresa, who is trying to be recognized as heir to the kingdom of Castile, at the same time as she proclaims herself queen of Portugal.
Over time, Dona Teresa allowed herself to be influenced by Galician nobles, moving away from the goals of making the county independent. However, D: Afonso Henriques gains the support of the bishop of Braga, Dom Paio Mendes and his successors, who wished to gain the independence of their archdiocese.
In 1128, D. Afonso Henriques faced his mother and her allies in the Battle of São Mamede and emerged victorious. Later, he refuses to recognize King Afonso VII, king of Galicia, Leon, Castile and Toledo, as his sovereign.
D. Afonso Henriques expands his territory by taking land from Muslims. After the Battle of Ourique, in 1139, where he defeated five Muslim leaders, Dom Afonso Henriques proclaimed himself king of Portugal as Afonso I.
King Afonso VII recognized him as sovereign through the Treaty of Zamora in 1143 and Pope Alexander III did so in 1179.
D. Afonso Henriques inaugurates the Burgundy Dynasty and his successors are responsible for consolidating the borders of the new country.
The last monarch of the Burgundy dynasty was D. Fernando, who died in 1381. Two years later, the court proclaims D. João, the new king of Portugal, master of the military order of Avis, which begins the dynasty of the same name. This episode would be known as the Avis Revolution.
Also read: Avis Revolution